Given the direct correlation between the hardness of high-hardness armor (HHA) steel and its ballistic performance. mitigating softening in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) becomes essential. In this study. welding was performed using a nanoparticle flux composed of Tungsten Carbide (WC). https://countryscenesaddleryandpetsuppliers.shop/product-category/roping-style-saddle/